Key concepts summary.html (5699B)
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> 3 <html><head><link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/><meta name="exporter-version" content="Evernote Mac 7.9 (457563)"/><meta name="altitude" content="-1.064111948013306"/><meta name="author" content="Alex Balgavy"/><meta name="created" content="2018-05-30 21:32:09 +0000"/><meta name="latitude" content="52.37359783665193"/><meta name="longitude" content="4.836335398104254"/><meta name="source" content="desktop.mac"/><meta name="updated" content="2018-05-30 22:08:03 +0000"/><title>Key concepts summary</title></head><body><div>Prehistory:</div><ul><li><div>Babbage, Fayol & Taylor</div></li><li><div>Trust</div></li><li><div>Three traditions — administration, process control, science</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Cold War feel:</div><ul><li><div>US — gains from WW2 Manhattan project, ENIAC, NASA, Atomic power</div></li><li><div>EU — fatalism & optimism, rebuilding, Mathematisch Centrum (research center), Freudenthal “Rekenmachines"</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Dinosaurs:</div><ul><li><div>US — Manchester Baby, EDSAC</div></li><li><div>EU — scientific, ARRA series and X1, PETER (overall Amsterdam, Delft, Eindhoven)</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Golden Age of Sci-Fi:</div><ul><li><div>advertising computers to people</div></li><li><div>themes of totalitarianism, nationalism, surveillance, censorship</div></li><li><div>literature — Asimov, Huxley, Orwell, Heinlein, Clarke, Dick</div></li><li><div>films — Metropolis, Desk Set, Forbidden Planet</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Computing sounds:</div><ul><li><div>relays leading to sounds for debugging</div></li><li><div>Strachey & EDSAC - God Save The Queen</div></li><li><div>creating music with computers</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Language changes, metaphor:</div><ul><li><div>language — “programming”, “plugging”, “memory"</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>IBM “Big Blue” vs everyone:</div><ul><li><div>Seven Dwarves in US: Burroughs, Honeywell, Control Data Corporation, General Electric<br/></div></li></ul><ul><li><div>European Dwarves: Zuse (GER), Electrologica (NL), Regnecentralen (Denmark)</div></li><li><div>sales tactic of FUD, IBM had more resources</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Real time computing:</div><ul><li><div>Whirlwind/SAGE — flight simulator by Jay Forrester, then IBM and Burroughs, eventually used for regulating plane traffic</div></li><li><div>cashless society ideal — Barclays cash dispenser, credit cards, ‘universal’ product code (US vs Europe)</div></li><li><div>decimal day — Barclays & Burroughs (not IBM cuz not British), build B8500 connecting to TC500, sold before built, lots of problems and eventually IBM</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Programming:</div><ul><li><div>ALGOL60 vs FORTRAN vs COBOL</div></li><li><div>programming becoming a job</div></li><li><div>software becoming economic commodity</div></li><li><div>1968 IBM Unbundling, result of software crisis (or was there one?)</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Silicon Valley:</div><ul><li><div>time sharing facilities, democratic movement, developments in hardware (wristwatches)</div></li><li><div>Whole Earth Catalog, 2001</div></li><li><div>Ted Nelson’s Computer Lib (“understand computers now”)</div></li><li><div>people started wanting computers</div></li><li><div>Homebrew Computer Club</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>EU valleys:</div><ul><li><div>no interest from youth Hippies, too forced</div></li><li><div>Twente polytechnic (Enschede) tried</div></li><li><div>utopian city planning</div></li><li><div>Hobby Computer Club</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Appropriation:</div><ul><li><div>VisiCalc, Teleac, SSAA</div></li><li><div>Squatter movement, Chaos Computer Club (activism, political statement)</div></li><li><div>computers in education — educating large amount, making them think, flowcharts, Ecole/BASIC, programmed instruction</div></li><li><div>EU demoscenes — magazines, underground journalism, stories, pictures</div></li><li><div>personal computers, support from governments in EU, de digitale stad</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Rise of internet:</div><ul><li><div>confluence of 3 desires — good networking technology, unifying all computers on network, making knowledge available</div></li><li><div>US company networks (AOL, CompuServe), EU government networks (minitel, viditel), email</div></li><li><div>gaming — pacman turned it into a business</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Rise of academic disciplines:</div><ul><li><div>Administration => IMM, Process Control => LI, Science => CS</div></li><li><div>EU vs US</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Paradigm shifts:</div><ul><li><div>content to service-oriented</div></li><li><div>local to ‘global'</div></li><li><div>pc as a tool => pc as gateway to internet (knowledge)</div></li><li><div>therefore, info to knowledge society</div></li></ul><div><br/></div><div>Digital culture</div><ul><li><div>Esther Dyson & “Release”, her observations on digital culture</div></li><li><div>online library catalogues, desktop publishing, art, online meetings</div></li><li><div>motion graphics in movies, changing everything</div></li><li><div>eventually developed into risk society, big data, privacy (Project X), controlling what goes wrong</div></li><li><div>Saskia Stuiveling — focused on openness, president o fDutch Court of audit</div></li></ul><div><br/></div></body></html>